A model–data comparison shows that different cosmic-ray transport models have difference strengths, and which model best matches the measurements depends on the energy, particle type, and other factors.
Spatially unresolved supernovae don’t readily reveal asymmetries in the exploding star, but some properties, like the observed cooling frequency, can be used to deduce the presence of these asymmetries.
Analysis of more than 10 years of data led to the discovery of the Milky Way’s first ultra-long-period classical Cepheid variable star, whose pulsations require 78 days to complete.
Properties like metal distribution and ionization levels can vary greatly from simulation to simulation; future work will examine how these properties affect observable quantities.
Starlight polarimetry measurements reveal the magnetic field properties of the Southern Coalsack Nebula and allow researchers to study polarization in the nebula as well as a background structure.
An analysis of nearly 60 ultra-diffuse galaxies suggest that these small galaxies do not belong to their own class, but rather are at the diffuse end of spheroidal galaxies.