Ground-based observations of Jupiter’s moon Europa suggest that sodium and potassium are ejected from Europa’s surface by a high-energy process such as ion sputtering.

Pairing a five-slit spectrometer with a new decomposition method, researchers demonstrate techniques to study coronal mass ejections while they’re still in the low corona, enhancing space weather forecasting.

As the hot Jupiter HD 80606b passes within 0.03 au of its host star, its spectrum transforms from a featureless blackbody to one with visible spectral features of water, methane, and other molecules.

A new framework successfully mitigates observational noise, inverts even large fields of view in a memory-efficient way, and can resolve small-scale features in regions with strong or weak magnetic fields.

Using a recent nearby supernova as an example, researchers have shown that cosmic rays can be produced as the supernova collides with dense circumstellar material, with a production efficiency of 10%.

If KM3-230213A arose from the interaction of an ultra-high-energy cosmic ray with the photon or matter background, the discovery is in (potentially resolvable) tension with existing cosmic-ray observations.