Ring Galaxies Through Off-Center Minor Collisions by Tuning Bulge-to-Disk Mass Ratio of Progenitors
Guangwen Chen et al 2018 ApJ 864 72
The ring structures of collisional ring galaxies — formed through off-center collisions between a target galaxy and an intruder dwarf galaxy — are found to be strongest for those with small bulge-to-disk mass ratios.