A Laboratory-driven Multiscale Investigation of X-Ray Induced Mass Loss and Photochemical Evolution in Cosmic Carbon and Silicate Dust
Lisseth Gavilan et al 2022 ApJ 925 86
Irradiating silicon- and carbon-rich dust grains with X-rays shows that these grains are likely destroyed on timescales of a few million years on the surfaces of protoplanetary disks, but could survive far longer in the disk midplane.