Metal-Enriched Neutral Gas Reservoir around a Strongly Lensed Low-Mass Galaxy at z = 4 Identified by JWST/NIRISS and VLT/MUSE
Xiaojing Lin et al 2023 ApJL 944 L59
Observations suggest that metals (elements heavier than helium) are amassed efficiently in low-mass galaxies in the early universe, leading to a low escape fraction for ionizing radiation.