The California Legacy Survey. III. On the Shoulders of (Some) Giants: The Relationship between Inner Small Planets and Outer Massive Planets
Lee J. Rosenthal et al 2022 ApJS 262 1
Planetary systems containing a small, close-in planet are more likely to also host a distant gas giant than other systems, but less likely to host a massive giant planet orbiting at a distance of 0.3–3 au.